1. down:

　　l)沿着……往下：

　　They travelled down the River Congo.

　　他们沿刚果河顺流而下。

　　Together we walked down the stairs.

　　我们一道走下楼来。

　　Going down the hill she met Tom.

　　在下山时她碰到汤姆。

　　2)由近往远处，向市中心区：

　　She bade us good-night and hurried down the road.

　　她和我们说了再见，顺着马路匆匆走掉。

　　They went down town together that afternoon.

　　那天下午他们一道进城了。

　　I was down Ford Street doing a bit of shopping.

　　我刚才到福特街买东西去了。

　　2. during:

　　l)在(某段时间)内：

　　She woke many times during the night.

　　夜里她醒了好几次。

　　We often worked there during the vacation.

　　假期中我们常在那里工作。

　　During the first few months everything went smoothly.

　　头几个月一切进行得很顺利。

　　2)在(进行某划动)的时期内：

　　They didn't say a word during the meal.

　　吃饭时他们一句话都没说。

　　He came in during the film.

　　在放电影时他进来了。

　　He fe11 asleep during the lesson.

　　上课时他睡枕了。

　　3. except 除去，除了：

　　l)except跟名词或代词：

　　He came here every day except sunday.

　　除了星期天他每天都来这儿。

　　None of us could speak English except him.

　　除了他我们谁也不会讲英语。

　　2)except跟介词短语不定式等：

　　I looked everywhere except in the bed room.

　　除了卧室我哪儿都找了。

　　It had no effect except to make him angry.

　　这除了使他生气别无其他作用。

　　3)用于except for除了(有)：

　　Except for one old lady，the bus was empty.

　　除了有一位老太婆车子是空的。

　　Everyone was tired except for John.

　　除了约翰大家都很累。