In November 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed eligibility for both Pfizer and Moderna's booster shots to all adults over 18 years old. "After critical scientific evaluation, today's unanimous decision carefully considered the current state of the pandemic, the latest vaccine effectiveness data over time, and review of safety data from people who have already received a COVID-19 primary vaccine series and booster," CDC Director Rochelle P. Walensky said in a statement.

2021年11月，美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)确认，所有18岁以上的成年人都可以接种辉瑞和Moderna的加强针。美国疾病控制与预防中心主任罗谢尔·p·瓦伦斯基在一份声明中说:“经过科学评估，今天的一致决定仔细考虑了当前的大流行状况、疫苗长期以来的最新有效性数据，以及已经接受COVID-19初级疫苗系列和加强疫苗的人的安全数据。”

Since that time, many adults have received or are preparing to receive their booster shots. If you are preparing for your shot or have just received it, you may be wondering what the side effects are going to be like. According to CNBC, the side effects of the COVID-19 booster shot should be similar to the first two shots but not as intense. Common side effects include pain and swelling at the injection site, muscle pain, fatigue, and headache. Fever, chills, and nausea are also common. These effects should not last longer than two or three days.

即时起，许多成年人已经接种或准备接种加强针。如果你正在准备或者刚刚接种，你可能想知道副作用会有什么。据美国全国广播公司财经频道报道，新型冠状病毒肺炎加强针的副作用应该与前两针相似，但没有那么严重。常见的副作用包括注射部位的疼痛和肿胀、肌肉疼痛、疲劳和头痛。发烧、发冷和恶心也很常见。这些效果不会持续超过两三天。

Although the COVID-19 booster shot has been encouraged by health officials, you may be wondering why a booster is necessary. As scientists continue to study COVID-19, more information comes out about how the efficacy of the initial doses of the vaccine wanes over time. A November study, for example, found that the efficacy of the Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines all decreased from an average of 87.9% to 48.1% over a six-month period (via Science).

尽管卫生官员一直鼓励接种COVID-19疫苗，但你可能想知道为什么需要接种疫苗。随着科学家继续研究COVID-19，有关疫苗初始剂量的效力如何随着时间推移而减弱的信息越来越多。例如，去年11月的一项研究发现，辉瑞、Moderna和强生的COVID-19疫苗的功效在6个月内从平均87.9%下降到48.1%(《科学》)。

Getting a booster shot restores most of that efficacy lost after the initial dose or doses. According to CNBC, the COVID-19 booster shot is a low-risk decision for most people and offers a high reward. "There's no indication that there's something inherently risky about obtaining a booster of this vaccine," said Christopher Mores, a global health professor at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health. "There is certainly something inherently risky about becoming infected with Covid." If you are eligible, it is highly encouraged that you get your booster shot six months after your Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or two months after your Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

注射加强针可以恢复最初剂量或剂量后失去的大部分功效。据美国全国广播公司财经频道报道，对大多数人来说，接种新冠肺炎疫苗是一个风险远低于回报的决定。乔治华盛顿大学米尔肯研究所公共卫生学院的全球健康教授克里斯托弗·莫尔斯说:“没有迹象表明，接种这种疫苗的加强针有潜在的风险，但感染新冠病毒肯定有风险。”如果您符合条件，我们强烈建议您在辉瑞或Moderna疫苗接种6个月后，或在强生疫苗接种2个月后，及时接种加强针。