【简介】山海关，位于河北省最东部与辽宁省接壤处，秦皇岛市山海关区境内，且地居燕山与渤海之间，故得“山”、“海”二字而命名。山海关又被称为“榆关”，以古渝水而得名。在历史上，所谓关内、关外、闯关东、关东军等“关”字均指山海关，对中国具有着重要的影响力。在1990年以前，因老龙头直入海中，被认为是明长城的东端起点，使山海关素有“天下第一关”之称。与万里之外的天下第一雄关——“嘉峪关”遥相呼应，闻名天下。1961年，山海关被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。2015年10月9日，国家旅游局通报全国旅游资源规划开发质量评定委员会决定取消山海关景区“5A级景区资质”。原因是存在价格欺诈、环境卫生脏乱、设施破损普遍、服务质量下降严重。

shanhaiguan pass

i organize my commentary of shanhaiguan pass in this way :

the great wall——the shanhaiguan pass——the great wall

there are 3 parts included:

*part one: the great wall in chinese people’s eyes

the purpose:

try to arouse the sense of honor of tourists . motivate people by gaining their interests in the great wall.

question:

1 what dose the great wall look like?

2 which dynasty has built the great wall in history?

relevant knowledge:

every chinese is familiar with the great wall, which is considered as the back of our country. it’s like a long dragon winds around the mountains, crosses rivers and deserts, and then plunges into bohai sea under yanshan mountain.

there have been three dynasties in history that undertook the construction of the great wall. they are qin dynasty, han dynasty and ming dynasty.

*part two: shanhaiguan’s military glamour in history.

includes: who, when and why to built shanhaiguan pass .its structural characteristics. what is the “4 passes and 8 cities”? make clear their each importance in this military system and explain how they cooperate with each other.questions:

1 why the shanhaiguan pass is known as the first pass of great wall?

2 (when the qroup get in the weng city) why we call it “weng city ”?

story:

wusangui, a general of ming dynasty, cut his hair and welcome duoergun and his qing army.

relevant knowledge:

the shanhaiguan great wall is a part of ming great wall, which is built by xuda in 1381.ad.

from the name of shanhaiguan, we can see that it is located by the yanshan mountain to the north, facing the bohai sea to the south. xuda was a man of vision, he built such a guarding pass between the mountain and the sea, making it a strategically important military spot. shanhaiguan was one of complete military defense systems throughout the chinese history. it’s quite reasonable that this pass is credited as one of the first pass of the great wall. it was the most important sections of the ming dynasty’s defense system, as well as the key spot linking north china and northeast china.

4 passes and 8 cities:

zhengdong pass, ying’en pass, weiyuang pass, wangyang pass

the city of shanhaiguan, dongluo city, xiluo city, nanyi city, beiyi city, weng city, weiyuan city, ningyuan city.

the importance of weng city:

the weng city is small but very useful .let the enemies enter the small city, then close the pass of shanhaiguan city, we can surely eliminate the enemies in such a small pace. isn’t like “catching a turtle in a jar ”.

*part three: the shanhaiguan’s charm does not fade in the peacetime.relevant information:

the great wall is the echoing wall of china’s history .the past has gone and today, during the peacetime, even shanhaiguan lost its military glamour, it has been turned into a famous scenic spot for chinese as well as foreigners. its charm does not fade.

standing on the wall, you will feel like right in the battlefield, seeing the horses and soldiers.

question:

why our people build the great wall?

answer:

chinese people love peace and the reason why we spent much labor force and material resources building great wall is to obtain peace and stability through it.

techniques and skills:

keep silence in appropriate time allow the tourists free time to watch and think by themselves and supervise the mood and response of them. in this way, the visitors are easily to participate and get information memorably.