Colors may be universally associated with certain emotions, a study has found.

最新研究发现，世界各地可能都会把颜色与某些情绪联系到一起。

Red is pinned to love or anger, blue to sadness or black to death, and similar links appear to exist in other parts of the world.

红色代表爱或愤怒，蓝色代表悲伤，黑色代表死亡，在世界其他地方，颜色和情绪之间似乎也存在类似的联系。

Even where colors weren't solidly attributed to a single emotion, nearly all of them were either mostly good or mostly bad regardless of where people lived.

即使在颜色并不完全与某一种特定情绪相关的地方，几乎所有的颜色也都与正面或负面情绪相关，不管人们身处何方。

But on a smaller, more detailed scale there were nuances which researchers said they could use to predict which country someone came from.

但在更小、更精确的范围内，研究人员表示，他们可以利用细微差别来预测一个人来自哪个国家。

Scientists from the universities of Auckland, Lausanne in Switzerland and Johannes Gutenber in Mainz, Germany carried out their research on 711 people.

来自瑞士洛桑奥克兰大学和德国美因茨约翰内斯·古登堡大学的科学家们对711人进行了研究。

The participants all came from either the UK, Germany, Greece or China, and answered to rate how colors made them feel.

参与者来自英国、德国、希腊或中国，他们对颜色给他们带来的感觉进行了评分。

The colors included in the study were white, black, grey, red, yellow, green, blue, orange, purple, pink, brown and turquoise.

研究中涉及的颜色包括白色、黑色、灰色、红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色、橙色、紫色、粉色、棕色和蓝绿色。

They were shown to people in word form rather than images because the study was done online and researchers need to be sure screens were showing the same.

这些颜色以文字而非图片的形式展示给参与者，因为这项研究是在网上进行的，研究人员需要确保屏幕上显示的是相同的内容。

And people ranked how closely they linked them to the following emotions: anger, interest, amusement, pride, joy, pleasure, contentment, admiration, love, relief, compassion, sadness, guilt, regret, shame, disappointment, fear, disgust, contempt or hate.

人们对这些颜色与下列情绪的关联程度进行了排名：愤怒、兴趣、开心、骄傲、喜悦、快乐、满足、钦佩、爱、宽慰、同情、悲伤、内疚、遗憾、羞愧、失望、恐惧、厌恶、蔑视或憎恨。

The researchers, led by Johannes Gutenber University's Dr Daniel Oberfeld, wrote: 'Red is associated with both positive and negative emotions while black is unambiguously associated with negative emotions.

研究人员写道：“红色与积极和消极情绪都有关，而毫无疑问，黑色与消极情绪有关。”这项研究的负责人是约翰内斯·古登堡大学的丹尼尔·奥伯菲尔德博士。

'In the current study, red was often associated with love and anger, while black was associated with sadness, hate and fear among other negative emotions.'

“在目前的研究中，红色常与爱和愤怒联系在一起，而黑色则与悲伤、仇恨和恐惧等负面情绪联系在一起。”

Other colors which had strong associations across countries were pink with love, grey with disappointment or sadness and orange with joy or pleasure.

其他与情绪普遍存在强烈关联的颜色有：粉色代表爱，灰色代表失望或悲伤，橙色代表喜悦或快乐。

Some other colors, however, had more nuanced associations.

然而，其他一些颜色与情绪有更微妙的关联。

For example, people in Greece were far more likely to associate turquoise with relief and purple with sadness than those in other countries.

例如，与其他国家的人相比，希腊人更容易将蓝绿色与宽慰联系在一起，将紫色与悲伤联系在一起。

While people in the UK and Germany strongly associated yellow with joy, but Greek and Chinese people did not feel the same link.

虽然英国人和德国人常常把黄色和快乐联系在一起，但希腊人和中国人却不这样看。

Almost all the colors, even if they didn't have a solid link to one emotion, were either overwhelmingly good or bad – with the exception of red, which was linked to both anger and love, and purple and brown, which were neither.

几乎所有的颜色，即使它们与某一种情绪没有明确的联系，都会有明显的好坏之分。而红色、紫色和棕色是例外，红色与愤怒和爱都有关，而紫色和棕色与正面和负面情绪都无关。

Positive colors were yellow, white, turquoise, pink, orange and green. Negative were grey and black.

表达积极情绪的颜色有黄色、白色、蓝绿色、粉色、橙色和绿色。与消极情绪相关的有灰色和黑色。

Dr Oberfeld's team added: 'Particularly strong color-emotion associations were observed for red, black, and pink, and particularly weak associations were observed for brown and purple.

奥伯菲尔德博士的研究小组补充说：“我们观察到，红色、黑色和粉色与情绪的关联程度很强，而棕色和紫色与情绪的关联程度则特别弱。”

'Across the 240 color–emotion pairs, the strongest association was found between the emotion love and the color term red.

“在240对不同颜色与情绪的组合中，爱和红色之间的联系最为紧密。”

The research was published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

这项研究发表在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上。