商务信函共通的特征是什么?

和任何一篇普通文章一样：开头、中间和结尾。但是由于撰写的目的不同，每个部分的内容也会因此发生改变。

下面7种类型来自《Powerful Business Writing》，供大家参考。

其中B代表开头(Beginning)，M代表中间(Middle)，E代表结尾(End)。

1. Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示接受

B:引入话题

M:讨论或解释

E: 表达你希望对方采取的行动

2. Sales or persuasion 销售、说服对方

B:通过提出一个理念或提供一项产品服务来吸引对方注意

M:使用一系列事实，晓之以理、动之以情

E: 呼吁对方

3. Request 请求

B:说明你的需求

M:描述你需求的原因

E:请求帮助并表示感谢

4. Complain 抱怨

B:说明问题出处

M:提供充足的细节，以便对方帮助

E:表达你希望对方采取的行动

5. Rejection 拒绝

B:对对方表示同情，拉近关系

M:将拒绝委婉提出，并且放在中间。说明拒绝的原因时也要给对方留情面

E:强调对于该局面的积极面

6. Collection 征收

B:有礼貌地表达，提供对方未付款的信息

M:有礼貌地要求对方及时付款

E:表达如果付款不能及时到账时你将采取的行动，并随信附送回信信封

7. Goodwill 示好

B:表达感谢、赞美、祝贺、同情，或者邀请

M:提供非正式的较私人的信息

E:以热情的方式结尾

一些常用的连接词~

大逻辑清楚了，接下来是信函中的小逻辑。

连接词是信函中不可或缺的成分，将信函连接成完整的一体。

目的连接词

To add an idea Also, and, besides, furthermore, moreover, next, too, as well as,

in addition, again

To summarize, In brief, on the whole, in short, in sum, to sum up

To enumerate

First, second, third, last

To clarify Actually, in other words, clearly

To illustrate For instance, for example (e.g.), this is (i.e.)

To compare Also, similarly, likewise, as well as

To contrast Although, even though, but, however, on the contrary, on the

other hand, yet, in contrast

To emphasize Certainly, most of all, in fact, of course, in any event

To make conditional If, unless, until, when, even though

To show cause and effect As a result, so, therefore, consequently, accordingly

To show results As a result, therefore, so, hence

To reverse a thought But, yet, on the contrary, regardless, nevertheless

To indicate time or sequence Formerly, previously, meanwhile, before, after, until now, at the

same time, later, during

当然不仅局限于单词，很多句子和短语也可以作为连接过渡使用。

如：

• “That brings us to the next step, which is …”

• “Now that we’ve settled that problem, let’s look at …”

• “Unfortunately, in this case, we won’t be able to …”

• “In addition to budget constraints, there’s another matter we have to discuss.”