Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who first appeared in publication in 1887. He was the creation of Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

夏洛克福尔摩斯是19世纪晚期至20世纪早期的一个虚构角色，他第一次出现在公众视野是在1887年。福尔摩斯是由苏格兰作家、内科医生阿瑟柯南道尔爵士创作出来的。

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied to be a doctor at the University of Edinburgh and set up a small practice at Southsea in Hampshire during his 20s. While the practice proved largely unsuccessful, the lack of patients provided him with the opportunity to create possibly the most popular character ever introduced in the history of fiction, Sherlock Holmes.

阿瑟柯南道尔爵士出生于苏格兰爱丁堡。为了能成为医生，他到爱丁堡大学学习医学。20岁时，道尔在英国的汉普郡南海城开了一个小诊所。这个诊所开得不太成功，来看病的人很少，这使得他有机会创作出小说史上最受欢迎的角色——夏洛克福尔摩斯。

While at University, Conan Doyle had been greatly influenced by Dr. Joseph Bell, one of his professors. Bell was an expert in the use of deductive reasoning to diagnose disease. Conan Doyle was so impressed that he used these same principles when creating his famous detective.

大学期间，柯南道尔受他的老师，约瑟夫贝尔医生影响很大。贝尔是运用推理诊断疾病的专家，他给柯南道尔留下了深刻印象。在创作侦探福尔 摩斯这个著名角色时，柯南道尔运用了同样的推理方法。

Sherlock Holmes was introduced in A Study in Scarlet, followed by A Sign of Four in 1890, but didn’t really take hold of the public’s imagination until Strand magazine, newly founded in 1890，published a series of short stories called The Adventures of Sherlock Hoimes. From that point on the public couldn’t get enough of Holmes and his always reliable confidant, John Watson.

夏洛克福尔摩斯是在《血字的研究》中出场的，在1890年的《四签名》中再次出现。但是直到创刊于1890年的《海滨杂志》刊登了一系列名为“福尔摩斯历险记” 的短篇小说后，福尔摩斯才成为公众关注的焦点。从那时起，公众总是对福尔摩斯和他忠诚的密友约翰华生的故事欲罢不能。

Residing in London at 22 IB Baker Street, with his keen sense of observation, lean face, hooked nose, and his ever-present pipe, Holmes’s character and personality set him apart from all others. This personality is what caught the reader’s imagination.

福尔摩斯居住在伦敦贝克街221B号，他观察敏锐、脸颊消瘦、鼻似鹰钩，经常 叼着烟斗，不俗的长相和鲜明的个性让他在人群中卓尔不凡，正是这种人格魅力引发了读者的无限遐想。

From 1891 to 1893，Strand published stories featuring Holmes and Watson, all avidly followed by the public. When in The Final Problem，Holmes and his longtime enemy, Professor Moriarty, are killed off, the public outcry was so great, Conan Doyle was forced to bring him back to life. He continued the exploits of Holmes and Watson nine years later in The Hound of the Baskervilles.

从1891年到1893年，《海滨杂志》发表了一系列关于福尔摩斯和华生的小说， 受到公众的热烈追捧。在《最后一案》中,福尔摩斯和他的死敌莫里亚蒂教授被“杀死” 了，引起了民众很大的激愤，柯南道尔不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。在9年后的《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中，他继续讲述着福尔摩斯和华生的故事。

Sherlock Holmes is without doubt one of the most beloved figures in the history of mystery fiction. In all, Holmes and Watson were featured in four novels and 56 short stories.

在悬疑小说历史上，福尔摩斯无疑是最受人喜爱的一个角色。福尔摩斯和华生总共在4个长篇小说和56个短故事中出现过。

Despite the success of his most famous character, throughout his adult life Conan Doyle sought to escape the Sherlock Holmes phenomenon and concentrate on writing about his other interests.

虽然柯南道尔成功塑造了福尔摩斯这个著名角色，但在生活中，柯南道尔总是试图逃避夏洛克福尔摩斯现象并专注于其他方面的写作。