8-2 没有助动词的被动语气

　　在这以前，我们的句子都是主动语气，这种句子的基本形式如下：

　　主词+动词+受词

　　所谓的被动语气，乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说，主动语气中，我们说〝我看到一些狗〞，在被动语气中，我们说〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，将主动语气改成被动语气，必须做以下的动作：

　　(1)原有受词变成名词

　　(2)动词变成verb to be+过去分词(past participle)

　　(3)原有主词变成在动词后面，但前面加by。

　　举例来说，主动语气的句子可以是I saw a cat.被动语气就成了A cat was seen by me. 最重要的是，verb to be的时式必须和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，动词是过去式，所以verb to be也是过去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主词。请看以下的例子：

　　I saw two cats. 改成被动语气以后，句子是Two cats were seen by me.

　　以下是主动改被动的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：

　　主动语气(active voice)

　　Mr. Jones hit the dog.

　　My brother saw you yesterday.

　　He sent the book to me.

　　Dickens wrote those two novels.

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　Jane wrote that song.

　　My mother loves me.

　　被动语气(passive voice)

　　The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.

　　You were seen by my brother yesterday.

　　The book was sent to me by him.

　　Those two novels were written by Dickens.

　　All of the apples were eaten by them.

　　That song was written by Jane.

　　I am loved by my mother.