英语单词讲解 unit 56

　　1.Stanley Hoffmann

　　Stanley Hoffmann (born 27 November 1928) is the Paul and Catherine Buttenweiser University Professor, emeritus at Harvard University. Hoffmann was born in Vienna in 1928, and moved to France with his family the following year. A French citizen since 1947, Hoffmann spent his childhood between Paris and Nice before studying at Sciences Po. He followed an academic career in the United States and founded Harvard's Center for European Studies in 1968. Hoffmann also participated as a political expert in the film The World According to Bush, dealing with the vicissitudes of the Bush administration after the 2000 presidential election.

　　1.斯坦利·霍夫曼

　　斯坦利·霍夫曼(1928-- ),是美国著名国际政治学者，哈佛大学教授。 1928年11月27日生于奥地利首都维也纳,1948年毕业于法国巴黎政治研究学院,1952年在哈佛获得政治学硕士学位，后又取得博士学位,1955年加入美国国籍。 从1956年起(除了1966和1967年在斯坦福大学外)一直在哈佛大学任教，现任哈佛大学西欧研究中心主任，同时兼任美国对外关系委员会委员、美国政治科学学会理事、美国艺术科学学院院士。 霍夫曼治学严谨、功底深厚、博学多产，其主要著作有：《当代国际关系理论》(1960) 、《战争状态》(1965) 、《格利弗麻烦——国际关系与国际体系》(1968)、《国际秩序的条件》(1968) 、《衰落，还是复苏》(1974)、 《支配地位，还是世界秩序——冷战以来的美国对外政策》(1978)、《跨越国界的责任》(1981)等。

　　2.Robert Keohane

　　Robert Owen Keohane ( born October 3, 1941) is an American academic, who, following the publication of his influential book After Hegemony (1984), became widely associated with the theory of neoliberal institutionalism in international relations. He is currently a Professor of Political Science at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University.

　　2.基欧汉

　　基欧汉出身于公元1941年的美国学者，以其著作霸权之后(1984年著)闻名于国际关系学界，变成国际关系学界中新自由制度主义的主要学者之一，目前在普林斯顿大学的威尔逊学院担任政治科学教授。基欧汉曾在斯沃斯莫尔学院、史丹佛大学、布兰戴斯大学、哈佛大学以及杜克大学任教过，在哈佛大学时他兼任国际和平研究所的教授。

　　3.Friedrich Hayek

　　Friedrich Hayek CH (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian, later British, economist and philosopher best known for his defence of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (with Gunnar Myrdal) for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena".Hayek was a major social theorist and political philosopher of the twentieth century, and his account of how changing prices communicate information which enables individuals to co-ordinate their plans is widely regarded as an important achievement in economics.

　　3.弗里德里希·哈耶克

　　弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克，CH(又译为海耶克，1899年5月8日-1992年3月23日)是奥地利出生的英国知名经济学家和政治哲学家。以坚持自由市场资本主义、反对社会主义、凯恩斯主义和集体主义而著称。哈耶克是20世纪的主要政治思想家，他所提出的价格信号在协助经济里的个体协调经济活动上的角色一理论，被认为是经济学的重大突破。哈耶克被广泛视为是奥地利经济学派最重要的成员之一，他对于法学、系统思维、思想史、认知科学领域也有相当重要的贡献。