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The hard work, the lack of rights, and the knowledge that other Iranian women have easier lives have made many nomadic women agents of change. Mahnaz Gheybpour, 41, moved out of tents a decade ago. She and her husband migrate between two modest houses, one in the oil-rich province of Khuzestan, for winter, the other a place near Chelgard for the summer. "I won't let my daughters marry a nomad," she said. "Our lifestyle is horrible. I want them to live in a city and study."

艰苦的工作、缺乏权利以及了解到其他伊朗妇女很容易生活，都使得许多游牧妇女成为变革的推动者。41岁的玛赫纳兹·盖布尔10年前就搬出了帐篷，她和丈夫有两处简单的房子，一处在石油丰富的省份胡齐斯坦省过冬，另一处是在Chelgard附近的地方过夏天。她说：“我不让我的女儿嫁个游牧民，我们的生活方式太可怕，我让她们住在城里并读书。”

Gheybpour got married when she was 16. "I was a child," she said. "My 17-year-old daughter doesn't want to marry. She tells me, 'Why should I make my life miserable, like yours?' "

盖布尔结婚的时候只有16岁，她说：“我还是个孩子。我17岁的女儿不想结婚，她告诉我说，‘为什么我要让我的生活像你一样悲惨？’”

The gender issues are exacerbated by a 15-year-long drought that has dried up many of the main rivers and lakes and made it difficult for nomads to find water for their flocks. Increasing development has created fences, roads, and dams that now block passage.

性别问题因长达15年的干旱而加剧，许多主要河流和湖泊干涸，使得游牧民为他们的牲畜找水非常困难。日益增加的开发建设修起了围栏、公路和大坝，现在已经阻断了通道。