12 December, 2013

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

A new United Nations report says the world's poorest countries should rethink their economic policies, because they are failing to create jobs for their citizens.

The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development is warning that current policies will not do a lot to reduce poverty, because so few jobs are being created.

FILE - A homeless child repairs a shoe along a street in the in capital Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, June 2013.

The U.N. report warns of social unrest and growing numbers of emigrants if the employment situation in these countries does not improved.

Taffere Tesfachew is with the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development. He says a new way of thinking is needed. He says no one questions the need for economic growth. But that growth needs to create jobs.

"We are not questioning growth and growth matters very much, it is absolutely critical. Nobody is changing their views on the need for growth. But it think the question is - perhaps there is a way to grow and create employment, and there is a way you grow you do not create employment. The policies followed by many least developed countries and those especially which did not create employment while there is a need to create employment."

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have called for economic stability and liberalization policies for poor and undeveloped countries. But this policies have failed to create many jobs, even during the period of economic expansion from 2002 to 2008. During that period, many least developed countries grew each year at a rate of eight percent or more.

The United Nations has identified 49 "least developed countries." Thirty-four are in African, there are nine others in Asia, five in the Pacific and one in the Caribbean.

Almost all of these countries face rising numbers of men and women entering the labor market. By 2050, the number of young people seeking jobs is expected to rise to 300 million.

Taffere Tesfachew says countries should invest in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing to create jobs for the millions of unemployed.

"We really believe that infrastructural transformation, countries that are moving, jumping from agriculture to services, bypassing manufacturing, I think they will have a problem. The manufacturing sector, the industrial sector, particularly manufacturing, is I think critical for countries with large population."

In the U.N. report, a country was considered a least developed when personal income is below $992 on a three-year average. The report also considered the economic problems each nation faced and its rating on the Human Assets Index. The Index measures issues like health, nutrition, school enrollment and literacy rates.

And that's the Economics Report for VOA Learning English.

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。

A new United Nations report says the world's poorest countries should rethink their economic policies, because they are failing to create jobs for their citizens.

联合国一份新的报告称，世界上最穷的这些国家应该重新考虑其经济政策，因为他们未能给本国公民创造就业机会。

The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development is warning that current policies will not do a lot to reduce poverty, because so few jobs are being created.

联合国贸易及发展会议警告称，当前政策对减少贫困帮助不大，因为创造的就业机会不多。

The U.N. report warns of social unrest and growing numbers of emigrants if the employment situation in these countries does not improved.

这份联合国报告警告说，如果这些国家的就业形势不出现好转，就会出现社会动荡和移民人数攀升。

Taffere Tesfachew is with the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development. He says a new way of thinking is needed. He says no one questions the need for economic growth. But that growth needs to create jobs.

特斯法楚(Taffere Tesfachew)就职于联合国贸易与发展会议。他说，必须要换一种新的思路，他说没人质疑经济增长的必要性，但经济增长必须要创造就业。

"We are not questioning growth and growth matters very much, it is absolutely critical. Nobody is changing their views on the need for growth. But I think the question is - perhaps there is a way you grow and create employment, and there is a way you grow you do not create employment. The policies followed by many least developed countries and those especially which did not create employment while there is a need to create employment."

特斯法楚说，“我们不是在质疑增长和增长问题，很显然它很关键。没人改变自己对增长的看法。但我认为问题在于，可能有一种办法能够保持增长并创造就业，还有一种办法能够保持增长但不能创造就业。这些政策被许多最不发达国家遵循，特别是那些需要创造就业而未能创造就业的国家。”

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have called for economic stability and liberalization policies for poor and undeveloped countries. But this policies have failed to create many jobs, even during the period of economic expansion from 2002 to 2008. During that period, many least developed countries grew each year at a rate of eight percent or more.

世界银行和国际货币基金组织呼吁贫穷和落后国家执行经济稳定和自由化政策。但这种政策未能创造大量就业机会，即使是在2002年到2008年的经济扩展期间。在那期间，许多最不发达国家每年以8%甚至更高的速度增长。

The United Nations has identified 49 "least developed countries." Thirty-four are in African, there are nine others in Asia, five in the Pacific and one in the Caribbean.

联合国确定了49个最不发达国家，其中34个在非洲，另外有9个在亚洲，5个在太平洋地区，1个在加勒比地区。

Almost all of these countries face rising numbers of men and women entering the labor market. By 2050, the number of young people seeking jobs is expected to rise to 300 million.

几乎所有这些国家都面临着就业人数攀升。到2050年，预计求职的年轻人人数将增加到3亿人。

Taffere Tesfachew says countries should invest in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing to create jobs for the millions of unemployed.

特斯法楚表示，各国应该投资于制造业之类的劳动密集型产业，为数以百万计的失业者提供就业机会。

"We really believe that infrastructural transformation, countries that are moving, jumping from agriculture to services, bypassing manufacturing, I think they will have a problem. The manufacturing sector, the industrial sector, particularly manufacturing, is I think critical for countries with large population."

他说，“我们确实认为，在基础产业升级中，绕过制造业直接从农业跳到服务业的这些国家会遇到问题。我认为，制造业、工业，尤其是制造业对人口众多的国家来说非常关键。”

In the U.N. report, a country was considered a least developed when personal income is below $992 on a three-year average. The report also considered the economic problems each nation faced and its rating on the Human Assets Index. The Index measures issues like health, nutrition, school enrollment and literacy rates.

在这份联合国报告中，个人三年平均收入低于992美元的国家被认为是最不发达国家。该报告还考虑到了各国面临的经济问题，以及它们在人力资产指数上的排名。该指数会测算医疗、营养、入学率和识字率等问题。