They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. (TPO26, 50)

　　waxy /'wæks?/ adj. 蜡色的，蜡状的

　　pore /p??/ n. 气孔，毛孔

　　shed /?ed/ vt. 使(某物)脱落﹑ 剥落;使(某物)流出

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy leaf surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season). (TPO26, 50)

　　托福阅读长难句100句分析：

　　这个句子的主干部分就是：

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced

　　注意后面并列了3个介词结构：by means of…, by the closure of .., and bythe rolling up…

　　修饰一：(through the leaves)，介词，修饰loss of water

　　中文：经过叶子

　　修饰二：(by means of dense hairs)，介词

　　中文：通过的浓密的绒毛

　　修饰三：(covering waxy leaf surfaces)，非谓语动词，修饰haris

　　中文：覆盖在蜡质叶子表面

　　修饰四：(by the closure of pores)，介词短语

　　中文：关闭气孔

　　修饰五：(during the hottest times)，介词短语

　　中文：在最热的时间

　　修饰六：(to reduce water loss)，非谓语动词

　　中文：减低水分散失

　　修饰七：(by the rolling up or shedding of leaves)，介词短语

　　中文：通过卷起或脱落叶子

　　修饰八：(at the beginning of the dry season)，介词短语

　　中文：在干旱季初期

　　托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：

　　他们拥有抵抗干旱的适应性：覆盖在蜡质叶子表面的浓密的绒毛、在温度最高时关闭气孔以减少水分流失以及在干旱季初期通过卷起或脱落叶子，都可以减少经过叶片的水分的流失。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。