例1

Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults.

托福阅读文章句子成分分析：Hearing the stories，动名词做主语，may lead 做谓语动词，that 定语从句修饰events，同时that在从句中做主语，them 指代preschoolers.最后they can access as adults.实际上是they 前面省略了that，因为that 在从句中做宾语(如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语，通常把关系代词省略掉)。省略关系代词的例句：X is a good skirt (that )I have always wanted to buy.

托福阅读例子翻译：听故事可能使学龄前儿童编码事件，这些事件允许他们形成记忆，这些记忆在他们成年的时候能够提取出来。

下面就定语从句简单说一些。

托福阅读高分策略提到所谓的定语从句，就是作定语的成分由词变成了句子。这个句子叫做定语从句。定语从句有两种，一种是这个从句对所修饰的词很重要，不能省略这个句子，如果省略，整个句子的意思就会受到影响，这种定语从句叫做限制性定语从句。另一种，定语从句被去掉，对整个句子的理解不会受到很大影响，句子的意思还是清楚并完整的。它起到了附加说明的作用。通常定语从句和前面的句子用逗号隔开。下面我们来用例子说明下：

Do you know the girl who is speaking with Mr. Wang?

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a modern city.

例2

Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.

句子成分分析：Scientists 做主语，felt 谓语动词，that从句做宾语。and并列连接词，and 后面的they 代指scientists. 整个句子是由and 连接的并列句。

例子翻译：科学家们感到他们通过确定一厘米厚的粘土的沉积时间可以能够知道灭绝的时间，并且科学家们认为沉积粘土的时间可以通过确定粘土中含lr这种元素的量来获得。

下面我简单介绍下宾语从句。

宾语从句，简单来说就是做宾语的成分不是词或短语，而是一个句子，这个句子叫宾语从句。这个句子可以做动词的宾语也可以做介词的宾语。从句前还得有连接词来连接。我们熟悉的连词that、what可以充当连接词。举例来说明：

(1)动词的宾语从句

He told me that I had to attend the meeting.

他告诉我，我必须出席会议。

(2)介词的宾语从句

The boss was satisfied with what the young man did.

老板对那个年轻人干的工作很满意。

例3

It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.

句子成分分析：it 做形式主语，that 从句做真正的主语，第二个that 引导的从句做定语从句修饰the earliest living thing , 同时that 在从句中做主语，逗号后面a phenomenon 是解释symbiosis 的，that 从句修饰 phenomenon ,同时that 做主语，and 并列连词，连接 a phenomenon 和a principle , 最后一个that 是修饰 a principle，同时 that 从句的主语。

例子翻译：在这些岛屿上建立群落的最早生物体是共生关系的例子，这件事是很重要的。共生关系是一种现象 ，这种现象依赖两个或多个生命形式的密切合作，同时共生关系也是一种原则，是在岛屿群落中很重要的原则。