Realize Modern Pictures　认识现代绘画
     1　现代艺术和绘画的起源
     The roots of Modern art are based in the art works produced during the period around 1860s to the 1970s. The term Modern Art denoted the style and approach to the art produced during that era. The term Modern Art is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. Today many of the artists who exhibit at Red Rag Bath Art Gallery carry on this modern art tradition.
     Although modern sculpture and architecture are believed to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth century, the beginnings of modern painting took place before. The birth of modern art is generally attributed as 1863, when édouard Manet exhibited his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. The pioneers of modern art were Romantics, Realists and Impressionists. By the late 19th century, additional art movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge. These included：post-Impressionism as well as Symbolism.
     Influences upon these art movements were varied：from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking, to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as found in the art work of painters such as Jean-Fran?ois Millet. The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor.
     The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through large public art exhibitions of their own work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.
     Artists of the Impressionist period believed that people do not see objects but only the light which they reflect. They therefore argued that painters should paint in natural light rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work. Red Rag Bath Art Gallery artists who still follow this approach include：David Atkins, Jeremy Barlow, David Farren, John Kingsleyand Bruce Yardley.
     2　现代美术流派
     Byzantine 　　　　 拜占庭式
     Gothic 　　　　　 哥特式
     Baroque　　　　　 巴洛克式
     Rococo　　　　　　 洛可可式
     Classicism　　　　 古典主义,古典风格
     Neoclassicism 　　 新古典主义
     Romanticism 　　　 浪漫主义
     Realism　　　　　　 现实主义
     Symbolism　　　　　 象征主义
     Impressionism　　　 印象主义
     Art Nouveau　　　　 新艺术主义
     Expressionism 　　　表现主义
     Fauvism　　　　　　 野兽派
     Abstract art　　　　抽象派, 抽象主义
     Cubism　　　　　　　立体派, 立体主义
     Dadaism　　　　　　 达达主义
     Surrealism 　　　　 超现实主义
     Naturalism　　　　　自然主义
     Existentialism 　　 存在主义
     Futurism　　　　　　未来主义
     现代绘画展示了人们对艺术的不同追求，它改变了人们对绘画的观赏角度，更讲究画面的装饰感，从简单的绘画中来表达深刻的涵义。也让更多的普通人来欣赏绘画，了解绘画。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　关键词语全知道
     Since the 20th century, the world is enjoying a boom of different art styles and different schools of art.
     20世纪以来，现代美术呈现出流派迭起，千姿百态的局面。
     Dadaism came in to being during World War I, artists of this school are not only against war, but also against the authorities, against the tradition and art, against everything.
     第一次世界大战期间产生了达达主义思潮，此派艺术家不仅反对战争、反对权威、反对传统，而且否定艺术自身，否定一切。
     With the Dadaism movement fading away, on this basis, there comes the Surrealism movement.
     随着达达主义运动消退，在此基础上出现了超现实主义艺术思潮。
     Abstract art painting came into being in the United States after World War II, which has Pollock and De Kooning represented as representatives.
     第二次世界大战后在美国产生了以波洛克、德·库宁为代表的抽象表现主义绘画。
     The movement of the Super Realism (or Photographic Realism) emerged in the 70's, whose main feature is the use of photographic results to create an objective and realistic depiction of replication.
     70年代兴起的超级写实主义（或称照相写实主义）运动，其主要特征是利用摄影成果，进行客观的复制和逼真的描绘。
     Over the centuries, artists are understanding the art through a"scientific" vision in order to improve their level.
     几个世纪以来，艺术家们用"科学"的眼光来理解绘画，从而提高他们的艺术。
     The difference between traditional western painting and modern painting are the attitudes of recreation.
     西方传统画与现代绘画差异，还反映在对于所谓再现的不同态度上。
     Emphasizing formal structure is a modern painting genre.
     强调形式结构，是现代绘画的一大流派。
     Cubism artists are willing to sacrifice representation for the structure.
     立体主义画家更是不惜为了结构而牺牲再现。
     Expressionism is the second largest mainstream of modern painting. Expressionism painters are concerned of the inner emotions and the expression of inner spirit, thinking that art is not an objective representation but the performance of the soul.
     表现主义是现代派绘画的第二大主流。表现主义画家所关心的是内在情感及内在精神的表达，认为艺术不是客观的再现而是心灵的表现。
     The oldest paintings found so far is in the Grotte Chauvet in France, and some historians believe it dates back to 32,000 years ago.
     已知最古老的绘画位于法国肖维岩洞，部分历史学家认为它可以追溯至32000年前。
     Michelangelo spent four and a half years to complete the paintings on the ceiling of the Roman Sistine Chapel.
     米开朗基罗花了四年半的时间才完成罗马西斯廷礼拜堂天花板上的画作。
     Matisse is a French painter and the founder of Fauvism.
     马蒂斯是法国画家，是野兽派的创始人。
     Paul Cezanne is the father of modern painting.
     保罗·塞尚是现代绘画之父。

     Sunny：Wow, so many people are coming to this art exhibition today.
     桑尼：哇，今天来看画展的人可真不少啊。
     Harry：Right, it's very difficult to buy tickets.
     哈利：对啊，这票很难买呢。
     Sunny：What is the theme?
     桑尼：这个画展的主题是什么啊？
     Harry：Modern Pictures.
     哈利：现代绘画啊。
     Sunny：Oh, Harry, come and see. This picture is very simple, but vivid.
     桑尼：哦，哈利，快来看！这幅图很简单，但又很生动。
     Harry：This is Picasso's painting, equal to a world-class painter.
     哈利：这是毕加索的画，不愧为世界名师啊。
     Sunny：Right, it's incredible to express art with such few lines.
     桑尼：对啊，很简单的几笔就能将艺术表现得这么明朗，简直不可思议。
     Harry：Modern painting focuses on this effect, and he is the representative of modern painting.
     哈利：现代绘画讲究的就是这个效果啊，他是现代绘画的代表人物。
     Sunny：No wonder. Do you like painting?
     桑尼：难怪呢。你喜欢绘画吗？
     Harry：Yeah, I like Chinese paintings. It's very poetic, peaceful and harmonious.
     哈利：喜欢啊，我喜欢中国画，很有诗意，画面很平静和谐。
     Sunny：Right, this is the style of Chinese painting, the pursuit of natural harmony.
     桑尼：对啊，这是中国画的风格，追求自然和谐。
     Harry：There are a lot of pictures over there, let's go and have a look.
     哈利：那边还有很多画，我们过去看看吧。
     Sunny：OK, let's go.
     桑尼：好啊，走吧。