雅思阅读：摘要类题目的解题技巧
在雅思阅读题型中，摘要题(Summary)是运用语意推断的重点题型之一。在解题时，我们需要根据空格所在句及前后句的逻辑关系词，分析词语之间、句子之间的语意关系，推断出所缺单词的大致含义。
在摘要题中，有一个非常重要的规律是：题干中的句子、之间的逻辑关系在原文中一般不变(表现方式通?；岜?，也就是说，题干中如果存在因果关系，那么原文所在句也一定会因果关系重现。因此，逻辑关系词可以有效地协助题干关键词在原文中定位答案。
下面举几个剑桥雅思中的例子说明逻辑关系词的重要作用。
1.并列关系 如剑5T2P3
题干：
In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither thetechnical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lackedthe grammatical resources required to represent the world …
题干中出现的neither…nor…表示“既不…也不…”,是连接两个否定概念的并列逻辑关系词。原文中的first, it lacked …,second it lacked …表示了同样的逻辑关系，尽管表现方式有所变化。解题时，这种对应的逻辑关系可以使我们在原文中快速定位答案。
2. 转折和因果关系 剑5T2P3
题干：
Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文：
In the following century much of this momentum was lost as Germanestablished itself as the leading European language of science. … However, inthe 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth asthe industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
题干中出现了表示转折关系的although, 对应于原文中的however;同时，题干还出现了表示因果关系的as adirect result of， 对应原文中表因果的逻辑关系词as。
3. 递进关系 剑5T3P2
题干：
To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in theshort term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination inthe longer term.
原文：
In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be tomake artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way thatnatural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, thatin the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be usedto increase the amount of water available.
in the short term … in the longer term…是题干中出现的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。通过快速查读原文，可以发现相同的逻辑结构in the immediate future … in the long term …。
在雅思备考过程中，精读是行之有效的一种训练方法。通过精读，我们可以发现逻辑关系词常常是考点所在。
