经期。

Many women retain water weight the week before their period due to fluctuating hormones. Fluid retention may reach its peak the first day of your actual period, before subsiding for that cycle.

经期前一周由于荷尔蒙波动，很多女性喝水也胖!经期第一天，液体滞留量或达到顶峰，后几天会慢慢下降。

"With this type of fluid retention, the breasts can get really tender and some women get belly fullness," says Dr. Mack. You might also notice swelling in your face, legs and arms in the days leading up to your period.

"由于此类液体滞留，胸部会变得非常柔软，有些人的腹部会渐渐隆起，"麦克医生说道。你的脸颊、腿和手臂在经期到来前也有可能浮肿。

Pregnancy.

怀孕。

Pregnancy can cause you to gain water weight, especially as you get closer to your due date. You may see swelling in your hands, feet, or ankles. Hormones are partly to blame, but your growing baby also puts strain on your blood vessels.

怀孕会导致人们保留水的重量，越到预产期，体内滞留的水分就越多。你的手、脚或脚踝会变得浮肿。部分是由于荷尔蒙所致，但成长中的宝宝对血管造成了压力，这也是原因所在。

"With pregnancy, you have a big belly so the [pressure causes] the fluid to go out into the tissues, and it has trouble getting back into the vessels," says Jennifer Wu, MD, an ob-gyn at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

"怀孕时，你的腹部隆起(压力原因)，液体会流入组织，但却很难回流到血管中，"珍妮弗·吴医学博士说道，她也是纽约市伦诺克斯山医院的妇产科医师。

If your only symptom is swelling, it's probably normal (although the weight may not all come off the minute you deliver your baby). If you have sudden swelling that hurts, you may have developed a blood clot (especially if the problem is only in one leg) or a spike in blood pressure. Either way, if you have these symptoms, get to a doctor right away.

如果只观察到浮肿的症状，那可能是正常的(尽管生完宝宝后，你的体重可能不会一下子恢复到怀宝宝前)。如果肿胀到疼痛，那可能是由于您患了血栓(尤其是只有一条腿发生这种情况时)或是血压飙升所致。无论如何，如出现上述症状，请立即就医。

Hormonal birth control.

激素避孕。

Just like there's a connection between pregnancy and menstruation and water retention, hormonal birth control can also sometimes cause water weight.

正如怀孕和经期与水分滞留之间存在关系，激素避孕有时候也会导致水分滞留，增加体重。

Both the estrogen and progestin in birth control pills can be culprits, says Dr. Mack. Usually the water weight isn't major and doesn't last long, Dr. Wu adds, but you may want to talk to your ob-gyn about other birth control options.

避孕药中的雌激素和孕激素都有可能是'罪魁祸首'，马克医生说道。通常，水的重量不是主要问题，也不会持续很长时间，吴博士补充道，但最好还是和妇产科医生聊聊其它的避孕方法。

Cortisol.

皮质醇

Cortisol is best known as a "stress hormone," although it's actually much more than that. It's involved in keeping blood sugar levels stable, balancing metabolism, reducing inflammation, and even forming memories.

众所周知，皮质醇被称为"压力荷尔蒙，"尽管其实际作用远不止于此。皮质醇可保持血糖水平稳定、平衡新陈代谢、减少炎症，甚至有助于形成记忆。

Water retention as a result of elevated cortisol levels isn't common, but it can happen.

皮质醇水平升高导致水分滞留的现象并不常见，但这种情况确有发生。