例273　The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

【结构分析】The overall result是主语，动词是has been to make，宾语是entrance to professional geological journals，宾语补足语是harder，是个形容词，a result是个同位语，做前面整个句子的同位语，that引导定语从句has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing，后面加上两个并列短语，做reinforced后面的宾语，一个是by national journals in the 19th century，一个是by several local geological journals in the 20th century。

【亮点回放】此句话的亮点在于对a result这个名词正确理解，是做前面的同位语，很难理解，后面加上特别长和有气势的定语从句，两个名词短语并列，很有震撼力。

【参考译文】这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。