<p>[ti:未知]<br /> [ar:]<br /> [al:]<br /> [by:]<br /> [00:02.58]知行英语<br /> [00:30.57]Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy<br /> [00:35.76]自治：美国民主的文化史<br /> [00:48.19]精彩点评<br /> [00:50.38]Wiebe then launches into his historical corrective.<br /> [00:54.82]He has three major themes<br /> [00:57.02]about the history of democracy in this country.<br /> [01:00.33]The first theme is based on his assertion that,<br /> [01:04.13]"societies organize around the rules of who works for whom,<br /> [01:09.56]and the beneficiaries protect those rules in the name of all<br /> [01:15.25]that is good in this world and holy in the next".<br /> [01:18.78]Wiebe asserts that there have been two major changes<br /> [01:22.76]in those rules in our history<br /> [01:25.30]and that those changes have created three major stages<br /> [01:29.41]in our democratic history. <br /> [01:34.50]讲解<br /> [02:02.56]逐句对照<br /> [02:06.80]Wiebe then launches into his historical corrective.<br /> [02:14.36]He has three major themes<br /> [02:16.58]about the history of democracy in this country.<br /> [02:23.36]The first theme is based on his assertion that,<br /> [02:27.47]"societies organize around the rules of who works for whom,<br /> [02:38.53]and the beneficiaries protect those rules in the name of all<br /> [02:43.51]that is good in this world and holy in the next".<br /> [02:51.45]Wiebe asserts that there have been two major changes<br /> [02:55.53]in those rules in our history<br /> [03:02.55]and that those changes have created three major stages<br /> [03:06.45]in our democratic history. <br /> [03:13.50]music<br /> [03:27.31]The second theme is that our democracy<br /> [03:30.72]has two major components:<br /> [03:33.24]the collective and individual or, in another phrasing,<br /> [03:37.91]popular self-government and individual self-determination.<br /> [03:43.03]These components have sometimes worked with each other<br /> [03:46.89]and sometimes against each other.<br /> [03:50.10]The final theme is how the various institutions of democracy<br /> [03:55.04](e.g. voting qualifications) have been used to tame<br /> [03:59.74]or obstruct some of the "excesses of democracy"<br /> [04:07.24]讲解<br /> [04:30.92]逐句对照<br /> [04:35.12]The second theme is that our democracy<br /> [04:37.64]has two major components:<br /> [04:40.16]the collective and individual<br /> [04:48.35]or, in another phrasing,<br /> [04:50.62]popular self-government and individual self-determination.<br /> [04:58.89]These components have sometimes worked with each other<br /> [05:02.95]and sometimes against each other.<br /> [05:10.19]The final theme is how the various institutions of democracy<br /> [05:18.02](e.g. voting qualifications) have been used to tame<br /> [05:22.47]or obstruct some of the "excesses of democracy"<br /> [05:32.06]music<br /> [05:55.89]Wiebe sees the major changes<br /> [05:57.88]as occurring sometime around the 1820s and the 1930s.<br /> [06:04.13]In the first case, we moved from a system<br /> [06:07.17]that was still based on deference to elites<br /> [06:10.46]in all aspects of our lives.<br /> [06:13.30]We looked to leaders in our churches,<br /> [06:15.69]in our local communities<br /> [06:17.85]and on the national level to represent us,<br /> [06:21.27]to act in our common interest.<br /> [06:24.82]Many Americans arrived on these shores<br /> [06:27.61]legally obligated to their employers.<br /> [06:30.80]We were a nation of apprentices,<br /> [06:33.51]indentured servants and tenants.<br /> [06:39.56]讲解<br /> [07:11.10]逐句对照<br /> [07:15.73]Wiebe sees the major changes<br /> [07:17.87]as occurring sometime around the 1820s and the 1930s.<br /> [07:31.98]In the first case, we moved from a system<br /> [07:35.16]that was still based on deference to elites<br /> [07:38.53]in all aspects of our lives.<br /> [07:46.04]We looked to leaders in our churches,<br /> [07:48.44]in our local communities<br /> [07:50.46]and on the national level to represent us,<br /> [07:54.17]to act in our common interest.<br /> [08:06.70]Many Americans arrived on these shores<br /> [08:09.47]legally obligated to their employers.<br /> [08:17.99]We were a nation of apprentices,<br /> [08:20.33]indentured servants and tenants.<br /> [08:29.63]music<br /> [08:51.11]Wiebe's democratic changes began with challenges<br /> [08:54.89]to that form of work structure.<br /> [08:57.81]Indentured servitude was challenged in the courts and lost.<br /> [09:02.98]Apprenticeships began to disappear.<br /> [09:06.01]After the War of 1812,<br /> [09:08.74]the Native American no longer had any European power<br /> [09:13.43]that helped them resist American incursion on their lands.<br /> [09:18.18]We stole as much land from them<br /> [09:20.71]as we could including large chunks of Alabama,<br /> [09:24.54]Georgia and Florida.<br /> [09:27.27]The U.S. government then sold that land cheaply<br /> [09:30.82]and in small parcels.<br /> [09:33.33]As a result, by the 1850s, almost 90% of American farmers<br /> [09:39.37]owned their own land.<br /> [09:42.40]Such self-directed work was reflected in the political realm.<br /> [09:47.29]The mandate broadened to include all white men.<br /> [09:51.47]And those white men played the democratic citizen<br /> [09:55.65]with a fervor throughout the 19th century<br /> [09:58.73]that has not been matched since.<br /> [10:03.06]讲解<br /> [11:01.04]逐句对照<br /> [11:05.74]Wiebe's democratic changes began with challenges<br /> [11:09.56]to that form of work structure.<br /> [11:18.58]Indentured servitude was challenged in the courts and lost.<br /> [11:27.81]Apprenticeships began to disappear.<br /> [11:34.29]After the War of 1812,<br /> [11:36.86]the Native American no longer had any European power<br /> [11:41.75]that helped them resist American incursion on their lands.<br /> [11:54.11]We stole as much land from them as we could<br /> [12:02.29]including large chunks of Alabama,<br /> [12:04.81]Georgia and Florida.<br /> [12:11.51]The U.S. government then sold that land cheaply<br /> [12:14.72]and in small parcels.<br /> [12:22.35]As a result, by the 1850s, almost 90% of American farmers<br /> [12:28.56]owned their own land.<br /> [12:38.15]Such self-directed work was reflected in the political realm.<br /> [12:48.33]The mandate broadened to include all white men.<br /> [12:55.28]And those white men played the democratic citizen<br /> [12:59.58]with a fervor throughout the 19th century<br /> [13:07.29]that has not been matched since.<br /> [13:14.62]music<br /> [13:36.94]In some ways, this is the period of American history<br /> [13:41.03]that Wiebe sees as having been the most democratic.<br /> [13:46.20]The political power of the time was diffused<br /> [13:49.48]so there was little chance for effective corruption.<br /> [13:53.90]White men exerted control locally and nationally.<br /> [13:58.22]When the discussion broke down,<br /> [14:00.36]we went to war, i.e., the Civil War.<br /> [14:04.42]But afterwards, after the brief interlude of Reconstruction,<br /> [14:08.98]we went back to white men<br /> [14:11.17]deciding within their own communities how to do things.<br /> [14:16.47]Please do not read me<br /> [14:18.84]or Wiebe as saying this was a good thing<br /> [14:22.45]- it is simply the way it was.<br /> [14:27.08]讲解<br /> [15:00.65]逐句对照<br /> [15:05.56]In some ways, this is the period of American history<br /> [15:09.67]that Wiebe sees as having been the most democratic.<br /> [15:20.04]The political power of the time was diffused<br /> [15:27.64]so there was little chance for effective corruption.<br /> [15:34.69]White men exerted control locally and nationally.<br /> [15:42.87]When the discussion broke down,<br /> [15:45.43]we went to war,<br /> [15:50.23]i.e., the Civil War.<br /> [15:55.16]But afterwards, after the brief interlude of Reconstruction,<br /> [15:59.77]we went back to white men<br /> [16:01.93]deciding within their own communities how to do things.<br /> [16:13.21]Please do not read me<br /> [16:15.41]or Wiebe as saying this was a good thing<br /> [16:18.85]- it is simply the way it was.<br /> [16:30.67]原音重现<br /> [16:34.35]Wiebe then launches into his historical corrective.<br /> [16:38.72]He has three major themes<br /> [16:40.95]about the history of democracy in this country.<br /> [16:44.29]The first theme is based on his assertion that,<br /> [16:48.10]"societies organize around the rules of who works for whom,<br /> [16:53.81]and the beneficiaries protect those rules in the name of all<br /> [16:59.15]that is good in this world and holy in the next".<br /> [17:02.87]Wiebe asserts that there have been two major changes<br /> [17:06.78]in those rules in our history<br /> [17:09.40]and that those changes have created three major stages<br /> [17:13.48]in our democratic history. <br /> [17:15.76]The second theme is that our democracy<br /> [17:18.44]has two major components:<br /> [17:20.79]the collective and individual or, in another phrasing,<br /> [17:25.74]popular self-government and individual self-determination (p.9).<br /> [17:30.59]These components have sometimes worked with each other<br /> [17:34.40]and sometimes against each other.<br /> [17:37.47]The final theme is how the various institutions of democracy<br /> [17:42.47](e.g. voting qualifications) have been used to tame<br /> [17:47.31]or obstruct some of the "excesses of democracy"<br /> [17:51.74]Wiebe sees the major changes<br /> [17:54.36]as occurring sometime around the 1820s and the 1930s.<br /> [18:00.34]In the first case, we moved from a system<br /> [18:03.40]that was still based on deference to elites<br /> [18:06.87]in all aspects of our lives.<br /> [18:09.71]We looked to leaders in our churches,<br /> [18:12.60]in our local communities<br /> [18:14.08]and on the national level to represent us,<br /> [18:17.48]to act in our common interest.<br /> [18:20.77]Many Americans arrived on these shores<br /> [18:23.72]legally obligated to their employers.<br /> [18:26.79]We were a nation of apprentices,<br /> [18:29.62]indentured servants and tenants.<br /> [18:33.22]Wiebe's democratic changes began with challenges<br /> [18:37.07]to that form of work structure.<br /> [18:39.90]Indentured servitude was challenged in the courts and lost.<br /> [18:45.10]Apprenticeships began to disappear.<br /> [18:48.41]After the War of 1812,<br /> [18:50.78]the Native American no longer had any European power<br /> [18:55.54]that helped them resist American incursion on their lands.<br /> [18:59.92]We stole as much land from them<br /> [19:02.55]as we could including large chunks of Alabama,<br /> [19:06.48]Georgia and Florida.<br /> [19:09.22]The U.S. government then sold that land cheaply<br /> [19:12.92]and in small parcels.<br /> [19:15.10]As a result, by the 1850s, almost 90% of American farmers<br /> [19:21.36]owned their own land.<br /> [19:23.82]Such self-directed work was reflected in the political realm.<br /> [19:29.19]The mandate broadened to include all white men.<br /> [19:33.62]And those white men played the democratic citizen<br /> [19:37.58]with a fervor throughout the 19th century<br /> [19:40.86]that has not been matched since.<br /> [19:43.90]In some ways, this is the period of American history<br /> [19:48.03]that Wiebe sees as having been the most democratic.<br /> [19:52.21]The political power of the time was diffused<br /> [19:56.39]so there was little chance for effective corruption.<br /> [20:00.50]White men exerted control locally and nationally.<br /> [20:05.14]When the discussion broke down,<br /> [20:07.09]we went to war, i.e., the Civil War.<br /> [20:11.38]But afterwards, after the brief interlude of Reconstruction,<br /> [20:15.90]we went back to white men<br /> [20:18.20]deciding within their own communities how to do things.<br /> [20:23.23]Please do not read me<br /> [20:25.69]or Wiebe as saying this was a good thing<br /> [20:29.32]- it is simply the way it was.<br /> [20:47.99]知行提示</p>

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