随着美国各州重开营业，零售销售反弹17.7%

As more states and cities allowed restaurants and shopping centers to reopen, U.S. retail spending swung big in May, climbing 17.7%, the U.S. Commerce Department said Tuesday. Major stock indexes rose after the report was released.

美国商务部周二表示，随着更多州和城市允许餐馆和购物中心重新开业，美国5月份零售支出大幅上升，攀升17.7%。报告发布后，主要股指上涨。

Spending is still down 6.1% from a year earlier because of the coronavirus pandemic. And economists warn of a long and uncertain recovery. But May's upswing follows a record historic collapse in March and April, when retail spending nose-dived as people avoided outings for food or shopping, especially for clothes and furniture.

由于冠状病毒大流行，支出仍较上年同期下降6.1%。经济学家们警告说，这将是一个长期且不确定的复苏。但5月份的上涨是在3月和4月创纪录的暴跌之后出现的，当时由于人们避免外出购买食品或购物，尤其是衣服和家具，零售支出大幅下降。

Retail sales — a measure that includes spending on gasoline, cars, food and drink — are a key part of the economy, which is sputtering back at different rates across the country after weeks of lockdowns. May's sales also got a boost from people spending their tax refunds and coronavirus financial assistance.

零售额(包括汽油、汽车、食品和饮料的支出)是经济的一个关键组成部分，在数周的封锁之后，全国各地的零售额以不同的速度回落。5月份的销售额也得到了提振，因为人们花了退税和冠状病毒财政援助。

As businesses reopen, however, several states have reported new spikes in coronavirus cases. That has added to warnings that Americans' shopping habits may be changed for a long time, if not forever.

然而，随着商业重新开业，几个州报告了冠状病毒病例的新高峰。这进一步提醒人们，美国人的购物习惯可能会在很长一段时间内改变(如果不是永远改变的话)。

The pandemic, for example, has accelerated the shift to online orders, including food and groceries. This made online retail the only category to see demand grow even during the April meltdown, when retail sales overall fell a revised 14.7% from March.

例如，流行病加速了向在线订单的转变，包括食品和杂货。这使得在线零售成为唯一一个在4月份经济衰退期间需求增长的类别，当时零售总额比3月份下降了14.7%。

Here's where people were spending in May, compared with a month earlier:

以下是5月份消费者支出与一个月前相比的情况:

Clothing and accessories stores: +188%

服装饰品店:+188%

Furniture stores: +89.7%

家具店:+ 89.7%

Sports, music and other hobby stores: +88.2%

体育、音乐和其他爱好商店:+88.2%

Electronics stores: +50.5%

电子产品商店:+ 50.5%

Department stores: +36.9%

百货商店:+ 36.9%

Restaurants and bars: +29.1%

餐厅和酒吧:+29.1%

Gas stations: +12.8%

加油站:+ 12.8%

Online retailers: +9%

在线零售商:+ 9%

Big-box stores: +6%

大超市:+ 6%

Grocery stores: +1.3%

杂货店:+ 1.3%

Many of these categories are seeing dramatically lower demand compared with pre-pandemic times. People are still spending much less on clothing and electronics and at gas stations, restaurants and department stores.

与流行病前相比，其中许多类别的需求大幅下降。人们在服装、电子产品、加油站、餐馆和百货公司上的花费仍然大大减少。