世界最老犀牛福斯塔去世，享年57岁

An eastern black rhino — believed to be the oldest in the world — died Friday in Tanzania, authorities said.

一只东部黑犀牛——据信是世界上最老的犀牛——于周五在坦桑尼亚死亡。

Fausta, a 57-year-old rhino, passed away from natural causes in the Ngorongoro Crater, part of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. She lived a free-ranging life for more than 54 years in Ngorongoro until three years ago, when she was taken into a sanctuary because of health problems.

福斯塔是一头57岁的犀牛，在恩戈罗恩戈罗环形山自然死亡，该环形山是恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区管理局的一部分。她在恩戈罗恩戈罗过了54年自由放养的生活，直到三年前，她因为健康问题被带到避难所。

A scientist first spotted the rhino in 1965, when Fausta was 3 or 4 years old, a Facebook post from the conservation’s commissioner, Dr. Freddy Manongi, read. In 2016, the rhino’s health had started to deteriorate and authorities “were forced to put the animal in captivity, after several attacks from hyena and severe wounds thereafter.”

一位科学家在1965年首次发现了这头犀牛，当时福斯塔才三四岁。2016年，这头犀牛的健康状况开始恶化，当局“在遭到几次鬣狗袭击，并在之后受到严重伤害后，被迫将其圈养。”

“Fausta also lost sight or vision, which further compromise its survival ability in the wild,” officials said, adding she “survived 57 years without bearing calves.”

“福斯塔还失去了视力或视力，这进一步损害了它在野外的生存能力，”官员们说，并补充说她“57年没有生育小牛都活了下来。”

Manongi said rhinos usually live between 37 and 43 years old in the wild, and older than 50 years in captivity.

马农吉说，野生犀牛通常活到37岁到43岁，圈养犀牛的寿命则超过50岁。

He noted a female southern white rhino named Sana, who died in captivity in November at a French zoo at 55 years olds, was considered the world’s oldest white rhino in captivity. Another rhino named Elly, the oldest-living black rhino in the U.S., died at the San Francisco Zoo in May 2017 at the age of 46.

他指出，去年11月在法国一家动物园被圈养的雌性南方白犀牛Sana死亡，享年55岁，被认为是世界上最老的圈养白犀牛。另一头名为艾丽的犀牛是美国现存最老的黑犀牛他于2017年5月在旧金山动物园去世，享年46岁。

Black rhinos, according to the World Wildlife Fund, are considered a critically endangered species, with a population of over more than 5,000. Nearly half of these are located in Namibia, which is allowed under international convention to permit five male rhinos a year to be legally killed by hunters.

根据世界野生动物基金会，黑犀牛被认为是一种极度濒危物种，其数量超过5000头。其中近一半位于纳米比亚，根据国际公约，每年允许5头雄性犀牛被猎人合法猎杀。

The species’ numbers declined 98 percent — to less than 2,500 — from 1960 to 1995, but because of “persistent conservation efforts across Africa, black rhino numbers have doubled from their historic low 20 years ago to between 5,042 and 5,455 today.”

从1960年到1995年，黑犀牛的数量下降了98%，不到2500头，但由于“非洲各地持续的保护努力，黑犀牛的数量从20年前的历史低点增加了一倍，达到今天的5042头到5455头。”

But despite its regrowth in population size, black rhinos are “still considered critically endangered,” as poachers illegally traffick rhino horns, threaten its recovery.

尽管黑犀牛的数量在不断增长，但由于偷猎者非法贩卖犀牛角，黑犀牛“仍然被认为是极度濒危物种”，这对黑犀牛的恢复构成了威胁。