Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺贝尔文学奖

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".

The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.

根据创立者的遗嘱，诺贝尔文学奖金授予“最近一年来”“在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人”。1900年经国王批准的基本章程中改为“近年来创作的”或“近年来才显示出其意义的”作品，“文学作品”的概念扩展为“具有文学价值的作品”，即包括历史和哲学著作。

Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖

According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “ ...shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.

奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人。不过该奖项也可以授予符合获奖条件的机构与组织。

Nobel Physics Prize / Nobel Prize in physics 诺贝尔物理学奖

This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics.

奖给在物理界有最重大的发现或发明的人，由瑞典皇家自然科学院颁发奖金。

Nobel Chemistry Prize / Nobel Prize in chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖

The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

奖给在化学上有最重大的发现或改进的人。该奖项于每年的12月10日——诺贝尔的逝世周年纪念日颁发。

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

奖给在医学和生理学界有最重大的发现的人。

Nobel Economics Prize 诺贝尔经济学奖

Sveriges Riksbank celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

诺贝尔经济学奖并非诺贝尔遗嘱中提到的五大奖励领域之一，是由瑞典银行在1968年为纪念诺贝尔而增设的，全称应为“纪念阿尔弗雷德-诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖”。