历史上最著名的画作背后的有趣故事

Another installment to the series where we explore the background and meaning behind famous artworks.

系列的另一部分，我们将探讨著名艺术品背后的背景和意义。

Find our previous post here.

在这里找到我们之前的文章。

#1 Scotland Forever!, Lady Butler, 1881

永远的苏格兰!——巴特勒夫人，1881年

"Scotland Forever!" depicts the Royal Scots Greys charging alongside the British heavy cavalry at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Butler was inspired to paint the charge as a response to the aesthetic paintings that she saw - and intensely disliked - on a visit to the Grosvenor Gallery. Although Butler had never observed a battle, she was permitted to watch her husband's regiment during training maneuvers, positioning herself in front of charging horses in order to observe their movement.

《永远的苏格兰》描绘了1815年的滑铁卢战役中，苏格兰皇室的灰人与英国重骑兵并肩冲锋。巴特勒是在一次参观格罗夫纳画廊时，看到了一些唯美主义的绘画作品，她非常不喜欢这些作品，于是受到启发，画了这幅画。虽然巴特勒从来没有观察过战争，但她被允许在训练演习时观察她丈夫所在的团，为了观察他们的行动，她站在冲锋的马前面。

#2 Geopoliticus Child Watching The Birth Of The New Man, Salvador Dalí, 1943

《地缘政治孩子望着新人的诞生》萨尔瓦多·达利，1943年

This is arguably the most recognizable piece created by Salvador Dalí. Completed during his stay in the United States from 1940 to 1948, it reflects the important role America would play on the world stage following World War II. The man emerging from the egg is rising out of the "new" nation. Africa and South America are both enlarged, representing the growing importance of the Third World, while Europe is being crushed by the man's hand, indicating its diminishing importance as an international power. The draped cloth represents the placenta of the new nation. A starving and weary female figure representing the past era points to acknowledge the importance of this new world power. The child at her feet represents the new age. The child casts a longer shadow than the woman, indicating that the new age will soon replace the old one.

这可能是萨尔瓦多·达利创作的最著名的作品。该作品于1940年至1948年期间完成，反映了二战后美国在世界舞台上扮演的重要角色。从蛋里出来的人，就是从“新”国里出来的人。非洲和南美洲都在扩大，代表着第三世界日益增长的重要性，而欧洲正在被这个人的手压垮，表明它作为一个国际大国的重要性正在下降。披着的布代表新国家的胎盘。一个代表过去时代的饥肠辘辘、疲惫不堪的女性形象指出了这个新的世界强国的重要性。她脚下的孩子代表着新时代。孩子的影子比女人的影子长，预示着新时代将很快取代旧时代。

#3 At Breakfast, Zinaida Serebryakova, 1814

早餐，娜伊达 谢列勃里亚科娃， 1814年

The painting depicts the artist’s family life through her children: eight-year-old Zhenya, seven-year-old Shura, and two-year-old Tata, with each child’s character subtly shown. The children sit patiently as they wait for their grandmother to pour soup into their bowls. The piece depicts a sense of purity and tranquility as well as an atmosphere of warmth and tenderness, at the same time depicting a fleeting moment in time, with the subjects turning to look at the audience.

这幅画通过她的孩子们描绘了这位艺术家的家庭生活:8岁的珍雅、7岁的舒拉和2岁的塔塔，每个孩子的性格都被巧妙地表现出来。孩子们耐心地坐着，等着奶奶把汤倒进他们的碗里。这幅作品描绘了一种纯净和宁静的感觉，一种温暖和柔情的氛围，同时描绘了时间的飞逝，主题转向观众。

#4 Ploughing In The Nivernais, Rosa Bonheur, 1849

《尼维尔田间劳动》，罗莎·邦希尔，1849年

The Nivernais was known for its Charolaise cattle, which played an important role in the agricultural revolution of the nineteenth century. Rosa Bonheur, having a reputation for her animal paintings, was commission by the French government to create this piece. According to Albert Boime, the painting should be seen as a glorification of peasant life and its ancient traditions; he places it in the context of the revolutionary year 1848, when cities were the scene of chaos and strife.

Nivernais以其Charolaise牛而闻名，这些牛在19世纪的农业革命中发挥了重要作用。罗莎·邦希尔因其动物画而闻名，她受法国政府委托创作了这幅作品。阿尔伯特·伯梅认为，这幅画应该被看作是对农民生活及其古老传统的颂扬;他将其置于1848年革命的背景下，当时的城市是一片混乱和冲突的景象。

图片来源：CrunChewy McSandybutt