424　join the army和be in the army——非延续性动词怎样正确使用

　非延续性动词指动作一开始就结束的动词，即表示一刹那发生的动作。初中英语中应掌握的非延续性动词主要有：

begin开始

start开始

join参加

become成为

buy买

close关上

die死亡

open打开

go去

leave离开

borrow借来

lend借出

wake醒来

get up起床

fall asleep入睡

go to sleep入睡

arrive到达

come来

reach到达

get to到达

return返回

　非延续性动词 不能同表示一段时间的状语连用，不能同for引导的短语或since引导的短语和从句连用。如果句中有表示一段时间的状语，则必须改用延续性动词 ，变化规则如下。

1　begin 和 start 改为be on等。

The meeting has begun . （正） 会议已经开始了。

会议已经开始10分钟了 。

The meeting has begun for ten minutes . （误）

The meeting has been on for ten minutes. （正）

It is ten minutes since the meeting began .（正）

He started to study English two years ago. 他2年前开始学英语的。

他学英语已经2年了 。

He has started to study English for two years . （误）

He has studied English for two years . （正）

It is two years since he started to study English. （正）

2　go 和 leave 改为be away (from)等。

他已经离开5天了 。

He has gone for five days . （误）

He has been away for five days . （正）

她自从上个月就离开这座城市了 。

She has left the town since last month . （误）

She has been away from the town since last month . （正）

3　open 改为be open （open为形容词）。

门开了一整天 。

The door has opened the whole day . （误）

The door has been open the whole day . （正）

4　close 改为be closed。

窗户自昨天晚上就关着。

The window has closed since last night . （误）

The window has been closed since last night . （正）

5　join 和 become 改为be (a)+职业名词或be in the+组织名词等。

He has joined the army. 他已经入伍了。

他入伍已经3年了 。

He has joined the army for three years . （误）

He has been a soldier for three years . （正）

He has been in the army for three years . （正）

It is three years since he joined the army. （正）

她入党已经10年了 。

She has become a Party member for 10 years .（误）

She has been a Party member for 10 years . （正）

She became a Party member 10 years ago . （正）

It is ten years since she became a Party member.

6　borrow 和 lend 改为keep。

这本词典你可以借1周 。

You may borrow the dictionary for a week . （误）

You may keep the dictionary for a week . （正）

这本书我只能借给你1天 。

I can lend you the book for one day . （误）

You can keep the book for one day . （正）

7　arrive, come, reach 和 get to 改为be+副词或be+in+地点名词。

他来这里已经几天了 。

He has come here for a few days . （误）

He has been here for a few days . （正）

他们到南京已经3个月了 。

They have arrived in / reached/ got to Nanjing for three months . （误）

They have been in Nanjing for three months . （正）

It is three months since they arrived in / reached/ got to Nanjing. （正）

8　buy 改为have或keep。

这只猫她已经买了5个月了 。

She has bought the cat for five months . （误）

She has had/ kept the cat for five months . （正）

9　wake 改为awake。

自从4点钟他就醒了 。

He has woken since 4 o'clock . （误）

He has been awake since 4 o'clock . （正）

10　die 改为be dead。

她去世已经10年多了 。

She has died for over ten years . （误）

She has been dead for over ten years . （正）

It is over ten years since she died . （正）

11　 fall asleep 改为sleep或be asleep。

她已经睡了8个小时了 。

She has fallen asleep for eight hours . （误）

She has slept for eight hours . （正）

She has been asleep for eight hours. （正）

It is eight hours since she fell asleep . （正）

12　 get up 改为be up。

他从早上5点钟就起床了 。

He has got up since 5 o'clock in the morning. （误）

He has been up since 5 o'clock in the morning. （正）