vi. 在would rather/prefer/sooner和but　that后引出从句时虚拟语气的用法

1. would rather/prefer/sooner ... were/did表示对将来情况的虚拟。

I'd rather you came tomorrow.

我倒是愿意你明天能来。

I'd rather you went to university right now.

我倒是愿意你现在就上大学。

She'd rather her husband came back now.

她但愿丈夫现在就回来。

2. would rather/prefer/sooner ... had done表示对过去情况的虚拟。

I'd rather you hadn't done that.

我倒是宁愿你没有做过那件事。

3. but that表达“若不是”之意引出从句时，主句要用虚拟语气：would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，would do表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，would be doing表示对现在进行情况的虚拟。

But that he had a family, he would have left for England long ago!

若不是他有个家庭的话，他很久以前就动身去英国了。

The little girl would have died, but that she just jumped from the first floor.

这个小姑娘若不是当初是从一楼上跳下去的话，她就已经死了。

He would join in the match, but that he is ill.

若不是有病的话，他是会加入比赛的。

4. 在lest, for fear that, in case引出的从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”表达“为了不……，以免……”之意，should可以省略。

The children have to get up early every day lest/for fear that they (should) miss the school bus.

为了不错过校车，孩子们不得不每天很早起床。

Jack studies very hard lest/for fear that he (should) fail to pass the examinations.

杰克学习很用功以免考试不及格。

Batteries should be kept in a dry place lest/for fear that electricity (should) leak away.

干电池应该放在干燥的地方以免电漏掉。

He took his raincoat with him least/in case it (should) rain .

他随身带了件雨衣以免天下雨。

She wore a pair of black glasses for fear that she (should) be recognized.

为了不被认出，她带了副墨镜。

5. 表示祝愿的句型有：

1）动词用原形

God bless you!

愿上帝保佑你！

Long live Chairman Mao!

毛主席万岁！

2）May ＋主语+动词原形

May you succeed!

祝你成功！

May our friendship last forever!

祝我们的友谊万古长青！

6. otherwise或or（否则，不然）后引导的从句常用虚拟语气。

I didn't know your telephone number otherwise I would have called you.

我原来不知道你的电话号码，否则我早就给你打电话了。

He was busy last week or he would have come to see us.

他上周很忙，不然早就来看我们了。

She must have had an accident, or she would have been there then.

她一定出事了，否则当时就已经到那里了。

专项练习

1. I'd rather you _______ that.

A. don't

B. won't do

C. hadn't done

D. haven't done

2. I'd rather my son _______ to university right now.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. goes

3. I _______ you much money, but that I _______ you lacked money then.

A. could lend; didn't know

B. could have lent; don't know

C. could have lent; didn't know

D. would have lent; don't know

4. Here is a shilling in case you _______ it.

A. should need

B. might need

C. need

D. A or B

5. _______ there never be another world war!

A. Can

B. May

C. Must

D. Will

6. _______ prosperous and strong!

A. Let your country become

B. Hope your country become

C. May your country become

D. Your country it becoming

7. They must have liked the apartment otherwise they _______ so long.

A. wouldn't have stayed

B. wouldn't stay

C. didn't stay

D. won't stay

8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _______ to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. should come

D. would have come

9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she _______ something she would regret later.

A. had said

B. said

C. might say

D. might have said

10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he _______ a goal.

A. had scored

B. scored

C. would score

D. would have scored

答案速查　1-5　CBCAB　6—10　CADDD