vii. 分词构成的独立主格结构

1. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致，否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构。

Not having learned the idioms before, he couldn't understand the meaning of these sentences.

因为以前没有学过这个习语，他不明白这些句子的意思。

Badly injured in the traffic accident, the driver was taken to the hospital.

因为在交通事故中严重受伤，司机被送往医院了。

It being such a fine day , the family decided to have a trip to the seaside.

因为是好天，这家人决定到海边去旅行。

2. 独立主格结构一般位于句首。由 “名词/代词+分词” 构成。表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。句子模式为“主语+分词+主谓结构”或“主谓结构+主语+分词”。

Homework done , he left the room.

家庭作业做完之后他离开了房间。

The meeting being over , they went out one by one.

会议结束了，他们一个接一个出来了。

Nobody having more to say , the meeting was closed.

由于没人有更多的话要说，会议就结束了。

Everything taken into consideration , this plan seems to be more reasonable.

若把一切都考虑在内，这个计划似乎更合理。

The work done , we felt relieved.

工作完成了，我们觉得轻松了。

There being no more buses , they went home on foot.

因不再有公交车，他们只好步行回家了。

3. 表示伴随情况时，常位于句末。

He returned home three days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces .

三天后他回到了家里，脸上沾满泥土，衣服扯成了碎片。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head .

他躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下面。

He came in, a dog following him quietly .

他进来了，一只狗静静地跟着他。

4. 独立主格结构有时可以用with或without引导，作定语或状语。

Without a word more spoken , she left the room.

没有多说一句话，她就离开了房间。

With weather permitting , we'll go there on foot.

如果天公作美，我们将步行去那里。

5. 除分词外，独立主格结构还可以用不定式、形容词、介词、副词或名词等。详见本书第十一章内容 。

He stood there, pipe in mouth .

他站在那里，嘴里含着烟斗。

He came in, book in hand .

他手里面拿着书本进来了。

With a lot of work to do , they decided to stay at home.

由于那么多工作要做，他们决定呆在家里。

With all the work on hand , he shouldn't have gone to the cinema last night.

因为手头上都是要做的工作，昨天夜里他真不应该去看电影。

专项练习

1. He walked up and down the room for half an hour, _______ behind him.

A. with his hands clasping

B. his hands clasped

C. his hands were clasped

D. as his hands clasped

2. The two prisoners of war came into the room, _______ by two soldiers, _______.

A. followed; guns in hand

B. followed; gun in hand

C. following; gun in hands

D. following; guns in hands

3. The sun _______ , the birds went into their nests.

A. set down

B. sets down

C. setting

D. sets

4. _______ , the lecture began.

A. The listeners having taken their seats

B. Having taken their seats

C. Taking their seats

D. The listeners to take their seats

5. _______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal

B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things

D. Other things to be equal

6. It _______ heavily, the game had to be delayed.

A. was snowing

B. snowing

C. snowed

D. had snowed

答案速查　1—6　BBCAAB