iv. 关系代词which, whom, whose

1. which, whom在从句中作介词的宾语。

The house which/that Lu Xun once lived in is now Lu Xun Museum.

The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now The Lu Xun Museum.

鲁迅曾经住过的那座房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。

2. 介词一般放在which, whom之前，也可放在从句的原位。如果从句中的谓语是含有介词的动词短语，则介词只能放在原来的位置上，介词不能前置，固定动词短语一般不拆分。

Is this the book which you just now were looking for ?

这就是你刚才正在找的那本书吗？

The child whom Xiao Liu is taking care of is ill.

小刘正在照料的那个孩子病了。

3. that在从句中可代替who, whom, which用来指人或物，但是，当介词前置时，指人只能用whom，不能用who/that。指物只能用which，不能用that。而且，whom或which不能省略。

The man that/whom/who you talked to yesterday is our headmaster.

The man to whom you talked yesterday is our headmaster.

你昨天与其谈话的那个人是我们校长。

The ink in which you write is red.

The ink (that)/which you write in is red.

你书写用的墨水是红的。

4. 介词不前置时，在口语中或非正式文体中，关系代词常可省略。

This is the man (that/whom) I talked about yesterday.

这就是我昨天谈论的那个人。

Is this the room (that/which) you lived in last night?

这就是你昨天住过的房间吗？

5. which有时也可以在从句中作定语，即“which+名词”。这样的名词词组在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语，也能作前置介词的宾语。

I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized to him.

我叫错了他的名字，为此错误我向他道了歉。

He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.

他在研究经济学，这种知识当今很重要。

He saw her coming in, and advised me to hide behind the door, which advice I took at once.

他看见她进来，并建议我藏在门后面，我马上接受了此建议。

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.

汤姆在大学度过了四年，期间他学习了法语。

6. 有时“whose+名词”也可作介词的宾语。

He went away with a pair of thick glasses, without whose glasses he would be like a blind man.

他戴着一副深度眼镜走了，没有了他的眼镜他就像一个瞎子。

Here comes the girl of whose singing performances we speak highly.

歌唱表演受到我们高度评价的女孩儿来了。

Mr. Wang, from whose window he can see our school playground clearly, often watches us play football.

王先生经常看我们踢足球，从他的窗口他能很清楚的看到我们学校的操场。

专项练习

1. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.

A. who

B. as

C. about which

D. with whom

2. My glasses _______ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

A. which

B. with which

C. without which

D. that

3. A harvester is a machine _______ we harvest crops or a person _______ is harvesting.

A. which; who

B. that; that

C. with which; who

D. /; that

4. The house _______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.

A. which

B. that

C. in the front of which

D. in front of which

5. They will give you some desks and chairs _______ you can furnish the room.

A. which

B. to which

C. with those

D. with which

6. My sister spent five years at university _______ she studied medicine.

A. during which time

B. during that time

C. during which

D. during that

7. Five years of life in prison changed him greatly, for _______ she could hardly recognize him at first sight.

A. which

B. which reason

C. that

D. that reason

8. He is old, _______ is important.

A. it

B. that

C. which fact

D. this fact

9. He may come, _______ I'll ask him.

A. which

B. in which

C. in which case

D. which case

10. This form of land-taking was characteristic of Wales rather than England, _______ the main settlement was over the low moorlands of Cornwall.

A. in which

B. in which country

C. which country

D. which

11. The driver was the man _______ she had stolen the maps.

A. from whose room

B. from whom room

C. in which room

D. of whom room

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